[카테고리:] 언어
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de-
devastate: 한 지역을 완전히 파괴하다. (사람에게) 완전히 망가뜨리다. 충격을 주다.
destruct: 자폭하다.
deconstruct: 해체하다. (해체하는 대상이 철학적 대상인 경우에 사용.)
1
detonate:폭발하다. 폭파시키다.
demolish: 철거하다. 무너뜨리다.
deteriorate: 악화되다. 나빠지다. (처음 보면 발음하기 난감해 보이는 단어. [디티!뤼오뤠이트]처럼 발음하면 된다.)
diminish: 줄어들다. (나는 이놈이 decline과 비슷한 단어라서 철자를 deminish로 잘못 알고 있었다.)
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Tremulous에 보면, 건물을 다른 곳으로 옮기기 위해서 “decon”하는데, 이것은 construct의 반대 개념으로 Deconstruct를 사용하면서 나온 용어이다. 그런데, 그러고보면 Tremulous도 꽤 [철학적]인 게임이라는 것인가.
[본문으로]
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Tremulous에 보면, 건물을 다른 곳으로 옮기기 위해서 “decon”하는데, 이것은 construct의 반대 개념으로 Deconstruct를 사용하면서 나온 용어이다. 그런데, 그러고보면 Tremulous도 꽤 [철학적]인 게임이라는 것인가.
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0은 단수인가 복수인가
문득 그런 생각이 들었다. 분명 1개는 단수이다. 1개는 영어에서도 관사를 붙여서 a든 an이든 the든 붙어있다. 그런데…
0개는?
2개 이상은 물론 복수(plural)다. 0개는 복수인가 단수인가.
http://www.physicsforums.com/archive/index.php/t-313634.html
검색해보니 나보다 먼저 이런 질문을 던진 인간이 있었다. 왜 그게 물리학 포럼에 올라가 있는가는… 역시 물리?
http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/38293/why-is-zero-plural
http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/13073/correct-plural-form-of-a-zero-quantified-noun
여기에도 뭔가 있고.
일단, stackexchange에 Neely의 답을 고려해 보자. 역사적으로 0이 개발된건 다른 애들보다 더 나중이다. 따라서 당연히 헷갈릴 수 있다. 아무튼 0개는 복수다. 그리고 영어에서는 1개가 아닌 나머지 갯수들은 모두 복수로 취급한다. 특히, zero나 no를 아무것도 없다는 뜻의 형용사로 사용하여 명사 앞에 붙일 때는, 그 명사를 복수형으로 쓰는 것이 더 자연스럽게 들린다고 한다.
한국어에서는 별 문제가 없는데, 한국어에서 복수를 나타내는 접미사 “-들”은 흔히 생략되기 마련이고, 생략되더라도 모태 한국인이면 대부분 문맥으로부터 수를 알아챌 수 있다. 심지어 0개인 경우에 0이 수식하는 단어를 복수형 명사로 사용하면 정말 어색해진다.
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no = not any이기 때문에, 사실 There are not any books를 There are no books로 쓸 수 있다. 그런데 앞의 경우에는 복수를 쓰는 것이 맞다. 왜냐하면, any books는 실제로 그 의미가 the number of books is any number를 내포하고 있기 때문에, books의 복수로써의 의미가 살아있어서 any books가 타당하다. 그리고 이 뜻이 그대로 no에 전달된다면, 0개는 복수형으로 간주하는 것이 맞다.
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사실은 “no”나 “nothing”에 해당하는 한국어 단어가 없다.
[본문으로]
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사실은 “no”나 “nothing”에 해당하는 한국어 단어가 없다.
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Academic statement
Please provide a concise
academic
statement of your plans for graduate study, you r career goals, and how MSU’s
graduate program will help you meet your career and educational objectives.
Why do you want to study Physics at the
graduate leve
l?
Describe any research experience, including
conferences attended and papers published.
State your area(s) of interest. If you are
undecided, list all areas that appeal to you.
In the future,
I will be a physicist of the most creative scientist. I studied particle
physics, which deals with pure quantum mechanical system, and worked in a
laboratory, which uses extremely strong laser and generates high energy
particles. What I notice from the experiences is that I like to find practical
to objects that I apply theories that I learned and found. Solid state physics
is appropriate for the purpose because it is easily verified by relatively
smaller scale experiments than particle physics and high power laser science as
well as knowledge in particle and laser physics is still effective and useful. Moreover,
recent discoveries such as graphene and super-solid stimulate my curiosity. My
interest is to apply theoretical method to solid state materials and confirm it
from experiments in order to understand their physical characteristics.
My first
research was neutrino phenomenology and particle detector development in
master’s course. In neutrino physics, I studied massive neutrinos and their mixing
parameters. According to neutrino oscillation experiments, the interaction
eigenstates of neutrinos are not the mass eigenstates as well as neutrinos must
have non-zero masses. This mixing is similar structure to but much larger than
that of quark sector. I assumed a model so called “complex quark-lepton
complementarity” and derived the parameters from the model. The model is
based on two ideas. One of them is that theoretical frame explaining quark
sector, Cabbibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix, is very similar to that of neutrino
sector, Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrix. The matrices are factorized to
three elementary rotation matrices(Eulerian rotation matrices) and one complex
phase matrix. The other is that each sum of angles corresponding to the same
elementary matrix in two mixing matrices is almost pi/4. This is called
quark-lepton complementarity model. Because two matrices describe rotations in
3-dimensional complex space, the complementarity can be generalized to 3-dimensional
complex space and one of their eigenvectors can be taken as the axis of rotation.
After taking the axis, we can determine rotation angles of two matrices around
the axis. My argument is two angles have relation similar to Pythagorean
theorem. The relation acts as a constraint to mixing angles, so unknown mixing
parameters can be derived.
In particle
detector project, my task was to design detector chamber and to simulate
current signal obtained by detector circuit originated from high energy cosmic
ray. The chamber was type of multiwire proportional chamber. I made the chamber
design with a computer aided design software. The chamber was operated in
vacuum because high voltage was assigned to multi-wire and poor vacuum might
cause to air breakdown. To obtain simulated signal, thanked to a simulation
code developed by a member in my group, which traced pathes of charged
particles induced by cosmic rays in the field, temporal charge signal was
interpreted as current, which was converted to oscilloscope waveform after amplifier
circuit by circuit simulation program.
The second
research was ultra-high power laser experiment. When I was in Advanced
Photonics Research Institute, I participated in extremely intensive laser
application experiments, which were particle acceleration and secondary radiation
generation. In the experiments, my major tasks were to operate detectors and to
analyse obtained signal. When a target is irradiated by extremely intensive and
short laser pulse, charged particles are accelerated and secondary lights like
water window x-ray and x-ray laser are generated by interaction between laser
and plasma. To distinguish particle species, we developed Time-of-flight
spectrometer and Thomson parabola spectrometer. In the development, I did
assemble, examine, calibrate, and operate the detectors and wrote program code
to diagnose characteristics of particles: energy, current, temperature,
divergence, and spectrum. Another part of my tasks was to produce ultra-thin
film of a few nm thickness to use as laser target. I made the film with
spin-coating method from an organic polymer and multi-layer film of the polymer
and metal with plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition devices. The film was
used as a target to accelerate heavy ions with relativistic kinetic energy. As
a minor part of jobs, I was assistant manager of radiation safety: radioisotope
management and radiation detector monitoring.
As shown above,
I am good at dealing with physical problems by mathematical, computational, and
experimental methods because I have experienced both laboratories of theory and
experiment. Even though portion for me to perform works related to solid state
physics is small, my experience is benefit because when I try to solve a
problem, it will allow me to approach different sight of view to traditional
ways. Hence, I would propose and perform experiments to prove my theories and
arguments.
All in all, I
was a generalist who is experienced in many fields: particle, plasma, optics,
and nuclear physics and in various methodologies: theoretical, computational,
and experimental researches. Now, I want to proceed a specialized physicist
studying solid state material or heavy ion acceleration. Solid state physics Explaining
my academic objectives concretely, I want to find mathematical structure to
understand matters, to compute its physical properties using computational
tools such as density functional theory if there is no analytic solution, and
to prove it from experiments. My experiences will be helpful to research
because broad experiences should give me creative ideas and solutions for the
unsolved
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Personal statement
Your personal statement should include
information about how your background and life experiences, including social,
economic, cultural, familial, educational, or other opportunities or challenges
motivated you to pursue a graduate degree.
I will be a physicsist. Physics is most
elementary among many fields of natural science. The law of physics affects
everywhere and everything from motion of the universe to culture of the human.
Even though many problems in physics has been solved, there are still many
physics problems to be solved as well. I want to be a physicist to study the
problems.
In my early childhood, I was interested in
stars and galaxies in the sky. As growing, I noticed that the physical law of
the universe dominates them, so I chose to study physics because I wanted to
know the law. In Chung-ang university, I found my mathematical talent and majored
in physics and mathematics. I like physics more than mathematics because
physics can be proven by experiments whereas mathematics can not. To study
deeper physics, I entered graduate school for master’s degree of physics. In
the graduate school, I studied both theoretical and experimental physics. This
experience lead me to experimental laboratory, Advanced Photonics Research
Institute. In the institute, I performed various tasks, for example,
installation and operation of particle spectrometer, alignment and diagnosis of
high power laser, and aquisition and analysis of signal data, the results from
which were published to papers and patents.
However, the job assigned to me was just to
assist experiments and I could not take a chance to organize experiments with
my proper idea. I suggested new optimization methods and processes and they
were accepted. Although the suggestion made indeed improvement, it was not evaluated
as my contribution because I was regarded as a technician, which supports senior
researchers. It is not bad to assist researches, but it is more interesting and
exciting for me to lead the researches. I want to propose and perform my proper
theory and experiment.
In order to be an independant scientist, I
need to be trained professionally and to get Ph. D.. I can not be more
passionable than now. My preparation is enough for advanced studying in
graduate school. I can propose my theory and suggest experiment to prove it for
a given physical problem.
